State of Particle Network Q1 2025

Key Insights

• On March 25, 2025, Particle Network launched its native token, PARTI. Within 24 hours, PARTI was listed on numerous exchanges, including Binance, OKX, Bybit, MEXC, Bitget, and Gate.io, and reached $1.00 billion in spot trading volume.
• During Q1 2025, the total number of Particle Network Universal Accounts grew to 110,900, a 557.6% quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) increase.
• Particle Network processed an average of 27,100 daily transactions in Q1, an 806.5% QoQ increase. The highest daily average transaction volume occurred on Ethereum Layer-2 networks: Arbitrum (7,300), Base (7,100), and Optimism (5,600).
• UniversalX recorded an average daily trading volume of $5.9 million in Q1, a 15,154% increase from the previous quarter.
• Particle Network released UniversalX V2 and integrated Everclear to enable efficient liquidity rebalancing within Universal Accounts. Over 90 teams planned to integrate chain abstraction via Universal Accounts.

Primer

Particle Network is a chain abstraction ecosystem designed around an app-specific blockchain that facilitates cross-chain transaction execution by coordinating with solvers. This coordination layer is not intended for general-purpose smart contract deployment but serves as the infrastructure backbone that enables unified accounts across networks.

At the core of Particle Network are Universal Accounts, a unified account system that allows users to maintain a single address and consolidated balance across multiple blockchains. Universal Accounts are built on the coordination layer and serve as the foundational primitive for cross-chain user and asset abstraction. Building on this foundation are two complementary products:

• UniversalX: Particle Network’s native, chain-agnostic trading platform and the first application to leverage Universal Accounts, enabling seamless cross-chain swaps and liquidity access.
• Universal SDK: A developer-facing toolkit that provides access to Universal Accounts, allowing teams to integrate chain-agnostic user experiences into their applications.

These products collectively support Particle Network’s vision of unifying all blockchains to seamlessly onboard billions of users. To realize this vision, the network abstracts away manual, chain-specific operations, delivering an intuitive and unified user experience through three core functionalities: Universal Accounts, Universal Liquidity, and Universal Gas.

Pengyu Wang and Tao Pan launched Particle Network in 2022 to provide robust backend infrastructure for Web3 developers. Particle Network was originally a wallet abstraction service provider and then expanded into account abstraction (AA), becoming Web3’s largest provider of AA infrastructure. It offers services across more than 80 chains to more than 30 million users. Particle Network has raised $25 million across four funding rounds, with participation from notable investors such as Animoca Brands, YZi Labs, HashKey Capital, Spartan Group, and gumi Cryptos.

Website / X (Twitter) / Discord

Key Metrics

Performance Analysis

PARTI Token

On March 25, 2025, Particle Network launched its native token, PARTI. The launch followed a Binance Initial DEX Offering (IDO) that raised $1.3 million and was 160 times oversubscribed. At the token generation event (TGE), 23.3% of the total supply (233.0 million PARTI) was circulating, including a 9.0% allocation distributed to the community via airdrop. Within 24 hours of the TGE, PARTI reached $1.00 billion in spot trading volume and was listed on Binance, OKX, Bybit, MEXC, Bitget, Gate.io, and more.

Utility

PARTI plays a foundational role across the Particle Network:

• Universal Gas Token (Live): PARTI is the native gas token for the Particle Chain and powers the Universal Account system. Regardless of which chain a user transacts on, gas fees are ultimately settled in PARTI, creating a unified fee layer across networks.
• Staking and Governance (Upcoming): PARTI holders will be able to stake their tokens and participate in governance decisions that shape the direction of the network. This governance gives the community a voice in protocol development and helps ensure decentralized decision-making across the Particle ecosystem.
• Universal Liquidity Token (Upcoming): PARTI will be a cross-chain settlement asset within Particle Network’s liquidity infrastructure. Liquidity providers use PARTI to facilitate atomic swaps and other cross-chain transactions, earning fees in return and supporting seamless value transfer across ecosystems.
• Application Utility (Upcoming): PARTI will function as a utility token for applications built on Universal Accounts, such as UniversalX. It enables use cases like discounted transaction fees, access to launchpools, participation in IDOs, and token sales.

PARTI is designed to support every layer of the Particle Network, from protocol operations and governance to liquidity infrastructure and application utility.

Tokenomics

The total supply of PARTI is capped at 1.00 billion tokens, with an initial circulating supply of 233.0 million (23.3% of the total supply). The token distribution schedule is as follows:

• Community (40.0%) - Distributed across five phases to drive adoption and engagement. Includes a 9.0% airdrop allocated at TGE.
• Early Backers (25.9%):
  • Private Sales (24.4%) - 6-month cliff followed by 36-month linear vesting.
  • KOL Round (1.5%) - Allocated to strategic partners and influencers. 20.0% unlocked at TGE, 40.0% after 6 months, and 40.0% after 15 months.
• Ecosystem and Partners (17.0%):
  • Binance HODLer Airdrops (6.0%) - 50.0% released at TGE, with the remaining 50.0% distributed after 6 months to long-term BNB holders.
  • IDO (5.0%) - Fully released at TGE via the Binance Wallet IDO.
  • Liquidity (5.0%) - Fully deployed at TGE to ensure early market stability and trading depth.
  • Binance Wallet Airdrop (1.0%) - Fully distributed at TGE to support onboarding through Binance Wallet.
• Core Contributors (12.1%) - 12-month cliff followed by 48-month linear vesting.
• Reserve (5.0%) - Fully unlocked after 6 months, allocated for future ecosystem expansion and strategic initiatives.

Universal Accounts

Universal Accounts unify the Web3 user experience by providing a single account and balance across all blockchains, eliminating the need for manual bridging or managing assets on multiple chains. Based on ERC-4337 smart account infrastructure and powered by Particle Network’s consensus layer blockchain, these accounts allow users to interact with any application using a consistent address and state, regardless of the underlying blockchain. This cross-chain capability is made possible through Particle’s underlying Universal Liquidity system, which atomically routes value across chains to maintain a unified account balance, and through its Universal Gas feature enables users to pay gas fees with any token from any chain.

During Q1 2025, the total number of Particle Network Universal Accounts grew to 110,900, a 557.6% increase from Q4 2024. Of these, 83.9% were created on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-compatible blockchains, while 16.1% were on Solana. Account creation surged around the PARTI TGE, primarily driven by airdrop farming activity. The largest single-day increase occurred on March 25, the day of the TGE, with 10,500 new accounts created.

Transactions

UniversalX

UniversalX is a chain-agnostic, non-custodial trading platform built by Particle Network. It is the first application to leverage Universal Accounts on the Particle Mainnet. Powered by Universal Liquidity and the Universal SDK, UniversalX abstracts away cross-chain complexity. Users can execute trades in one signature, regardless of where their assets or target tokens reside, and pay gas fees with any token via Universal Gas. They can also access real-time token data, fiat onramps, MEV protection, and fast settlement while trading and transferring assets seamlessly across EVM chains and Solana.

Volume

UniversalX recorded an average daily trading volume of $5.9 million in Q1, a 15,154% increase from the previous quarter. The highest volumes were seen on Arbitrum ($3.2 million daily average), Base ($851,900), and BNB Chain ($687,000). Activity spiked ahead of the TGE, with volume reaching a high of $230.2 million on March 23, two days before the event.

Fees

UniversalX applies a 1.0% fee on trading volume for tokens outside the top 500 by market cap, and a 0.1% fee for tokens within the top 500. As a result, fee trends mirror overall trading volume patterns. Daily fees averaged $59,400 in Q1, reflecting the same 15,154% QoQ increase. Fees peaked on March 23, totaling $2.3 million, aligned with the surge in trading volume around the TGE.

Trades

Users

UniversalX averaged 1,640 daily users in Q1 (1,010 returning and 630 new), up 467.5% QoQ. User counts spiked ahead of the TGE, peaking at 13,500 on March 23. Total cumulative users increased from 5,800 in Q4 2024 to 62,700 in Q1 2025, a 980.6% gain.

Qualitative Analysis

Particle Network Upgrades

UniversalX V2

On Jan. 21, 2025, Particle Network released UniversalX V2, upgrading its chain-agnostic trading platform with advanced features. The update introduced real-time token discovery tools, customizable live charts, portfolio tracking, and qualitative token data, while preserving gasless, single-account cross-chain trading.

Everclear

On March 11, 2025, Particle Network announced an integration of Everclear, a cross-chain clearing and settlement protocol, to enable efficient liquidity rebalancing within Universal Accounts, starting with UniversalX. The integration reduced rebalancing costs by over 90.0% across Base, BNB Chain, Solana, and other supported networks.

Universal Accounts Integrations

By Q1 2025, over 90 teams across various Web3 ecosystems planned to integrate chain abstraction via Universal Accounts.

Taker

On Jan. 24, 2025, Taker Protocol announced plans to integrate Particle Network’s Universal Accounts to push toward a chain-abstracted liquidity layer. As a Bitcoin-native, EVM-compatible protocol, Taker aims to remove bridging constraints and unify liquidity between the Bitcoin and Ethereum ecosystems.

Singularity Finance

On Jan. 27, 2025, Singularity Finance partnered with Particle Network to integrate Universal Accounts into its AI-centric L2 ecosystem. The upgrade supports seamless user access to DeFi, real-world assets, and AI services while promoting interoperability within the broader Singularity Finance ecosystem.

Ta-da

On Jan. 28, 2025, Ta-da announced its planned integration of Universal Accounts to streamline access to its micro-tasking platform for AI data collection. The integration enables seamless cross-chain participation for users contributing human-generated data to train AI models.

Galaxis

On Feb. 24, 2025, Galaxis revealed its upcoming integration of Universal Accounts to simplify onboarding and enable user interactions within its creator and community platform. The upgrade would eliminate manual wallet switching and improve accessibility across multiple blockchains.

Trikon

On Feb. 26, 2025, Trikon shared its planned integration of Universal Accounts to deliver a more cohesive, chain-abstracted user experience. The initiative aligns with Trikon’s broader effort to remove ecosystem fragmentation and enhance dApp usability.

Tanssi

On March 24, 2025, Tanssi announced its planned integration of Universal Accounts, Universal Liquidity, and Universal Gas to embed native chain abstraction into networks built on Tanssi’s modular infrastructure. The integration advances Tanssi’s goal of reducing infrastructure complexity for developers while delivering a streamlined multichain experience for users.

Universal Accounts Roadmap

At the end of Q1, Particle Network released its Universal Accounts roadmap, which consists of a three-phase rollout designed to expand access to its chain abstraction infrastructure:

• Phase 1 – Universal Accounts are available exclusively within Particle-built applications, beginning with UniversalX.
• Phase 2 – Introduces a permissioned expansion, allowing selected partners to integrate Universal Accounts with support from Particle. The aim is to build a multi-vertical ecosystem of chain-abstracted applications.
• Phase 3 – Transitions to permissionless deployment, where any developer or chain can adopt Universal Accounts infrastructure without restriction. Particle Chain will serve as the underlying coordination layer throughout this process, with plans to transition it from a privately operated chain to a fully public network as adoption increases.

This phased approach balances adoption with infrastructure maturity, allowing Particle to test, iterate, and scale Universal Accounts while progressively decentralizing control.

Closing Summary

In Q1 2025, Particle Network recorded significant increases in activity across its ecosystem. The launch of its native token, PARTI, on March 25 resulted in $1.00 billion in spot trading volume within 24 hours, with listings on multiple centralized exchanges. Universal Accounts grew to 110,900, reflecting a 557.6% QoQ increase, while average daily transactions rose to 27,100, up 806.5% from Q4 2024. Transaction volume was highest on Ethereum L2s, including Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism.

UniversalX, Particle’s trading platform built on Universal Accounts, recorded a 15,154% increase in average daily trading volume to $5.9 million. Fee revenue and trade counts followed similar growth patterns, driven by increased user activity in the lead-up to the PARTI TGE. The rollout of UniversalX V2 and the integration of Everclear supported improved functionality and reduced liquidity rebalancing costs across supported networks. By the end of the quarter, over 90 development teams announced plans to integrate Universal Accounts.

Additional developments included the release of a three-phase roadmap for Universal Accounts deployment, new integrations with protocols such as Taker, Singularity Finance, and Galaxis, and expanded cross-chain functionality via Universal Liquidity and Universal Gas. As infrastructure adoption progresses and new integrations are executed, Particle Network continues to develop its framework for enabling unified, chain-abstracted blockchain applications.

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